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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


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Another popular WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This area requires growth. You can assist by including to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or respected individuals. Scientology. Though it has attained some reliability as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has actually likewise been referred to as both a cult and a commercial business.


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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a commercial business, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace their website of The Guardian was developed with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Church get redirected here of Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive strategies in addressing those it views as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department Look At This began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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